![]() Supreme Court finally heard argument on the martial law regime-and ruled in 1946 that provost court justice and the military's usurpation of the civilian government had been illegal. Kahanamoku, a remarkable case in which the U.S. The authors also provide a rich analysis of the legal challenges to martial law that culminated in Duncan v. Broadly accepted at first, these policies led in time to dramatic clashes over the wisdom and constitutionality of martial law, involving the president, his top cabinet officials, and the military. The army brass invoked the imperatives of security and "military necessity" to perpetuate its regime of censorship, curfews, forced work assignments, and arbitrary "justice" in the military courts. ![]() Army rule in Hawaiʻi lasted until late 1944-making it the longest period in which an American civilian population has ever been governed under martial law. In marked contrast to the well-known policy of the mass removals on the West Coast, however, Hawaiʻi's policy was one of "selective," albeit preventive, detention. ![]() In addition, the army enforced special regulations against Hawaiʻi's large population of Japanese ancestry thousands of Japanese Americans were investigated, hundreds were arrested, and some 2,000 were incarcerated. The result was a protracted crisis in civil liberties, as the army subjected more than 400,000 civilians-citizens and alien residents alike-to sweeping, intrusive social and economic regulations and to enforcement of army orders in provost courts with no semblance of due process. Even the judiciary was placed under direct subservience to the military authorities. Declared immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, martial law was all-inclusive, bringing under army rule every aspect of the Territory of Hawaiʻi's laws and government institutions. Summary: "Bayonets in Paradise recounts the extraordinary story of how the army imposed rigid and absolute control on the total population of Hawaiʻi during World War II.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |